Skin conditions can be frustrating to deal with, especially when they share similar symptoms. This article aims to compare and contrast two common skin disorders: lichen planus and eczema. By the end of this read, you will have a better understanding of the differences and similarities of these skin conditions, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, possible complications and prevention tips.
What is Lichen Planus?
Lichen Planus is a skin condition that causes inflammation of the skin, mucous membrane and hair follicles. It is not contagious and can affect people of all ages and genders, but it is more common in middle-aged adults. The condition presents as symmetrical, flat-topped, pink, or purplish bumps on the skin. The bumps may itch and look like tiny bruises or white streaks, and may appear on the arms, legs, and torso.
In addition to the skin, Lichen Planus can also affect the mouth, genitals, and nails. In the mouth, it can cause white, lacy patches on the inside of the cheeks, gums, and tongue. In the genitals, it can cause painful sores and scarring. In the nails, it can cause ridges, grooves, and thinning.
The exact cause of Lichen Planus is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. Treatment options include topical or oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and phototherapy. In most cases, Lichen Planus will go away on its own within a year, but some cases may require ongoing treatment to manage symptoms.
What Causes Lichen Planus?
The exact cause of Lichen Planus is not known, but researchers believe that it may be an autoimmune disorder. It can also be triggered by certain medications, infections, hep C, and hepatitis B vaccinations.
Studies have shown that Lichen Planus is more common in middle-aged adults and affects women more than men. Additionally, it has been found that stress and anxiety can exacerbate the symptoms of Lichen Planus.
While Lichen Planus is not contagious, it can be uncomfortable and unsightly. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have Lichen Planus, as there are treatments available to help manage the symptoms and prevent complications.
What is Eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by itchy, dry, red, and scaly skin. Eczema is common in infants and young children, but it can affect people of all ages. It often appears on the scalp, face, hands, feet, and folds of the body.
While the exact cause of eczema is unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies are more likely to develop the condition. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals, irritants, or allergens can also trigger eczema flare-ups. There is no cure for eczema, but it can be managed with proper treatment and self-care.
What Causes Eczema?
Eczema is not fully understood, but it is thought to be an allergic reaction to certain substances or irritants. Environmental factors such as stress, temperature changes, and hormone imbalances can also trigger eczema.
Recent studies have also suggested that genetics may play a role in the development of eczema. People with a family history of eczema or other allergic conditions such as asthma or hay fever are more likely to develop eczema themselves.
In addition, certain lifestyle factors such as diet and hygiene may also contribute to the development of eczema. A diet high in processed foods and sugar has been linked to an increased risk of eczema, while maintaining good hygiene practices such as regular hand washing can help prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses that can trigger eczema flare-ups.
Signs and Symptoms of Lichen Planus
The signs and symptoms of Lichen Planus include:
- Flat-topped, pink, or purple bumps on the skin that may itch or burn
- Patches of shiny, white skin on the mucous membrane, such as in the mouth or genital area
- Hair loss or thinning on the scalp
- Nails becoming ridged or brittle
While the exact cause of Lichen Planus is unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person. Lichen Planus can affect anyone, but it is more common in middle-aged adults and women.
There is no cure for Lichen Planus, but treatment can help manage symptoms. Topical or oral corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. Antihistamines can also be used to relieve itching. In severe cases, phototherapy or systemic medications may be recommended.
Signs and Symptoms of Eczema
The signs and symptoms of eczema include:
- Dry, itchy, red, and swollen skin
- Bumps that may ooze or crust over with scratching
- Thickened and scaly patches of skin
- Persistent itching that worsens at night
Eczema can also cause skin discoloration, which may appear as lighter or darker patches on the affected area. In severe cases, the skin may become thickened and leathery, making it difficult to move the affected area.
People with eczema may also experience emotional distress due to the appearance of their skin, as well as the discomfort and pain associated with the condition. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have eczema, as there are treatments available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
How is Lichen Planus Diagnosed?
If you have lichen planus symptoms, a dermatologist will likely perform a physical exam, taking note of the appearance and location of the skin rash. A biopsy may be taken to confirm the diagnosis.
In addition to a physical exam and biopsy, your dermatologist may also ask about your medical history and any medications you are currently taking. They may also perform blood tests or allergy tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.
How is Eczema Diagnosed?
Eczema is typically diagnosed by a dermatologist based on the symptoms and appearance of the rash. No definitive test exists to diagnose eczema, but a skin biopsy may confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.
In addition to examining the rash, a dermatologist may also ask about the patient's medical history and any family history of eczema or other skin conditions. They may also perform allergy testing to determine if any allergens are triggering the eczema.
It is important to note that eczema can sometimes be misdiagnosed as other skin conditions, such as psoriasis or contact dermatitis. Therefore, it is crucial to seek a professional diagnosis from a dermatologist to ensure proper treatment.
Conventional Treatments for Lichen Planus
Conventional treatments for Lichen Planus include:
- Corticosteroid creams or ointments to reduce inflammation and itching
- Topical or oral immune-suppressing medications to suppress the immune response
- Antibiotics or antiviral medications if the condition is caused by a bacterial or viral infection
It is important to note that while conventional treatments can be effective in managing symptoms of Lichen Planus, they may also have side effects. Corticosteroids, for example, can cause thinning of the skin and increased risk of infection with prolonged use. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of each treatment option with a healthcare provider before starting any treatment regimen.
Conventional Treatments for Eczema
Conventional treatments for Eczema include:
- Emollients to moisturize the skin
- Corticosteroid creams or ointments to control itching and inflammation
- Topical or oral immune-suppressing medications to suppress the immune response
- Antihistamines to relieve itching
However, these conventional treatments may not work for everyone and can have side effects. Some people may develop a resistance to corticosteroids over time, while others may experience skin thinning or discoloration. Immune-suppressing medications can also increase the risk of infections and other health problems.
Alternative treatments for eczema include natural remedies such as coconut oil, aloe vera, and chamomile. These remedies can help soothe the skin and reduce inflammation without the risk of side effects. Other alternative treatments include acupuncture, hypnotherapy, and stress management techniques, which can help reduce stress and improve overall health.
Natural Remedies for Lichen Planus
Some natural remedies that may help alleviate Lichen Planus include:
- Aloe Vera Gel: applying aloe vera directly onto the skin can reduce inflammation and itchiness
- Vitamin E oil: apply directly to the skin to improve hydration and reduce inflammation
- Turmeric: add turmeric to your diet or take in supplement form. Turmeric contains anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation associated with Lichen Planus.
In addition to these natural remedies, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene as Lichen Planus can also affect the mouth. Using a gentle mouthwash and avoiding spicy or acidic foods can help reduce discomfort. It is also recommended to avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption as they can worsen symptoms. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for further treatment options.
Natural Remedies for Eczema
Some natural remedies that may help alleviate Eczema include:
- Oatmeal baths to soothe and moisturize the skin
- Coconut Oil: applying coconut oil to the skin can help reduce inflammation and irritation
- Probiotics: taking probiotic supplements or eating probiotics rich foods can strengthen the immune system and alleviate symptoms of eczema
In addition to the above remedies, there are other natural treatments that can help manage eczema. One such remedy is using chamomile tea bags. Soaking chamomile tea bags in warm water and then applying them to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and itching. Another remedy is using aloe vera gel. Applying aloe vera gel to the skin can help soothe and moisturize the affected area, reducing redness and irritation.
It is important to note that while natural remedies can be effective in managing eczema, they may not work for everyone. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before trying any new treatment, especially if you have a severe case of eczema or are taking any medications.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage Lichen Planus
Lifestyle changes that can help manage Lichen Planus include:
- Avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals or irritants of the skin
- Quitting smoking
- Eating a healthy diet that includes anti-inflammatory foods such as fruits and vegetables
In addition to the above mentioned lifestyle changes, there are a few more things that can be done to manage Lichen Planus:
- Reducing stress levels through meditation, yoga or other relaxation techniques can help in managing the symptoms of Lichen Planus.
- Regular exercise can also help in reducing stress levels and improving overall health, which in turn can help in managing Lichen Planus.
It is important to note that while lifestyle changes can help in managing Lichen Planus, they may not completely cure the condition. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage Eczema
Lifestyle changes that can help manage Eczema include:
- Avoiding harsh soaps and detergents
- Taking shorter and cooler showers to avoid drying out the skin
- Wearing loose, breathable clothing
- Reducing stress through techniques such as yoga and meditation
In addition to the above mentioned lifestyle changes, there are a few more things that can help manage Eczema:
- Moisturizing the skin regularly with a fragrance-free moisturizer
- Avoiding scratching the affected area, as it can worsen the condition and lead to infections
It is also important to identify and avoid triggers that can cause flare-ups, such as certain foods, allergens, and environmental factors like extreme temperatures and humidity.
Possible Complications of Lichen Planus
In rare cases, Lichen Planus can lead to complications such as:
- Persistent itching, leading to lichen simplex chronicus
- Mucosal involvement, leading to painful erosive lichen planus
- Cicatricial alopecia, leading to permanent hair loss
- Squamous cell carcinoma in long-standing lesions
Aside from the aforementioned complications, Lichen Planus can also cause psychological distress to patients. The persistent itching and visible skin lesions can affect a person's self-esteem and quality of life. Patients may also experience anxiety and depression due to the chronic nature of the disease.
Furthermore, Lichen Planus has been associated with other medical conditions such as hepatitis C, diabetes, and hypertension. Patients diagnosed with Lichen Planus may need to undergo further testing to rule out these underlying conditions and receive appropriate treatment.
Possible Complications of Eczema
Eczema can lead to complications such as:
- Skin infections that may require oral antibiotics
- Psychological stress or depression due to persistent itching and social embarrassment
- Sleep disturbance leading to fatigue and decreased quality of life
Aside from the aforementioned complications, eczema can also cause:
- Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation of the skin, which can be permanent
- Eye problems such as cataracts or glaucoma, especially if eczema affects the eyelids
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of these complications or if your eczema symptoms worsen despite treatment.
Prevention Tips for Both Conditions
Prevention tips for both Lichen Planus and eczema include:
- Avoiding triggers such as harsh chemicals, allergens and irritants
- Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water and moisturizing the skin regularly
- Eating a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet rich in vitamins and minerals
- Reducing stress through exercise, meditation, and stress-reduction techniques
In addition to the above prevention tips, there are other measures that can be taken to prevent Lichen Planus and eczema:
- Avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight and using sunscreen when necessary
- Avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke
- Wearing protective clothing when working with chemicals or other irritants
- Keeping the skin clean and dry, especially in areas prone to sweating
If you are prone to developing Lichen Planus or eczema, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible. Early treatment can help prevent the condition from worsening and reduce the risk of complications.
Differences in Prognosis between Lichen Planus and Eczema
Lichen Planus typically disappears on its own within one to two years and is not life-threatening, but it may recur. Eczema is a chronic condition that may last for years or even throughout a lifetime. Treatment can help alleviate symptoms, but no cure exists.
It is important to note that while both conditions can cause discomfort and affect quality of life, they have different underlying causes. Lichen Planus is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, while eczema is often linked to allergies or genetics. Therefore, the approach to treatment may vary depending on the individual case and the severity of the condition.
Conclusion: Which Condition is More Severe?
Both Lichen Planus and eczema can cause significant discomfort and have the potential to lead to complications. However, in terms of severity, eczema is considered to be a more chronic condition that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected. On the other hand, Lichen Planus is relatively short-lived and usually self-limited. With proper management and treatment, most persons with either Lichen Planus or eczema can expect to lead normal lives.
It is important to note that while Lichen Planus may be short-lived, it can still cause significant discomfort and affect daily activities. Additionally, in rare cases, Lichen Planus can lead to complications such as scarring or changes in skin pigmentation. Therefore, it is important to seek proper medical attention and treatment for both conditions to manage symptoms and prevent potential complications.
